E-code guide
E477Propylene Glycol Esters of Fatty Acids
DoubtfulEmulsifier
E477

Propylene Glycol Esters of Fatty Acids

Emulsifier

Also known as Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, PGMS

SANHA, ANIC 2018, JAKIM Handbook 2010, MUIS, and IFANCA all classify this as doubtful.
Based on 5 cited authorities. Confidence: medium.

What authorities say

5 authorities on record
5say Doubtful
Saying Doubtful5 of 5
2
ANIC 2018
Questionable. Halal only when the source is plant
3
JAKIM Handbook 2010
Mushbooh. Halal if it is from plant fat, Haraam if it is from pork fat
4
MUIS
MUIS Food Additive Listing (2016): Prepared from propylene glycol.
5
IFANCA
Listed among “questionable ingredients — investigate further” in IFANCA's Halal Shopper's Guide to Ingredients; the source may be animal or plant.

Why this verdict

E477 is propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, used as an emulsifier and aerating agent in whipped toppings, cake mixes, and instant desserts. SANHA classifies E477 as Mushbooh because the fatty-acid source must be verified, ANIC 2018 classifies the E471 to E495 range as Mushbooh (halal only when plant), and JAKIM Handbook 2010 classifies E477 as Mushbooh, halal if from plant fat and haram if from pork fat. MUIS marks E477 as syubhah, noting it is prepared from propylene glycol. Because the source is not disclosed on the label, E477 is doubtful by default.

Food-safety note
Permitted as an emulsifier and aerating agent in Australia and New Zealand under the Food Standards Code (Schedule 15), subject to maximum permitted levels. Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, used in whipped toppings and cake mixes; assessed safe at permitted levels. (Source: FSANZ; Food Standards Code Schedule 15.)

Common questions

Is E477 halal?

Propylene Glycol Esters of Fatty Acids (E477) is classified doubtful. SANHA, ANIC 2018, JAKIM Handbook 2010, MUIS, and IFANCA classify it as doubtful.

What is E477 made from?

Propylene Glycol Esters of Fatty Acids (E477) is commonly found in Whipped toppings, cake mixes, baked goods, and instant desserts.

Found in
Whipped toppingscake mixesbaked goodsinstant dessertsice cream
Last reviewed by the HalalHQ research team in June 2026.