Carbon Dioxide

E290 is carbon dioxide, used as the carbonation gas in soft drinks and sparkling water, a propellant, and a freezing agent. JAKIM Handbook 2010 and MUIS both classify E290 as halal, noting it occurs naturally and may also be produced by fermentation or an acid-carbonate reaction. SANHA classifies E290 as Mushbooh as a precaution about the production source, since some carbon dioxide is captured from alcohol fermentation. The carbon dioxide gas is chemically identical regardless of its source, so E290 is halal.